Kazakhstan is the largest GHG emitter in Central Asia with annual emissions of 243 MtCO2e. The transport sector is its fastest growing source of CO₂ emissions projected to increase from 9 MtCO₂/yr in 2008 up to 22 MtCO₂/yr in 2012 and 36 MtCO₂/yr in 2020.  A significant share of transport emissions is associated with ground transportation in the former capital city of Almaty, the largest and most densely populated city in the country with a population of 1.6 million. The objective of the project is to reduce the growth of the transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in the City of Almaty, while simultaneously improving urban environmental conditions by 1) improving the management of public transportation and air quality in Almaty; 2) building capacity in Almaty to holistically plan and implement improvements in the efficiency and quality of public transport; 3) building capacity to holistically plan and implement integrated traffic management measures in Almaty City; and 4) implementing a demonstration project that raises awareness and increases knowledge of sustainable transport.